Cholesterol

Cholesterol is one class of lipid molecule integral to skin structure and function. Cholesterol is an endogenous constituent of the skin barrier and particularly of the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum. The use of cholesterol in skin care formulations is said to maintain the integrity of the skin barrier by enabling the skin to be effective in protecting against environmental stressors, blocking moisture loss, and keeping the skin healthy in general.
The chemical nature of cholesterol is that of a sterol, which denotes a complex ring structure, most responsible for its peculiar properties. It acts in synergy with other lipids, such as ceramides and fatty acids, to form a lipid matrix that supports the skin barrier. Such a lipid matrix is crucial for maintaining hydration and avoiding transepidermal water loss, which might cause dryness and irritation.
It provides good emollience by softening the skin, making it supple. Furthermore, its film-forming properties cover the skin with a protecting layer, enhancing the moisture retention and improving the final skin feel of formulations. Cholesterol is particularly useful in products for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin, as it replenishes lipids that may have been lost due to one or more factors: aging, exposure to the elements, or disease conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.
Adding cholesterol into formulations may enhance the permeability and, therefore, the efficiency of other actives, improving delivery into the skin. It may also be used in cosmetic formulations for cream, lotion, serum, and ointment applications targeting skin barrier repair and skin moisturization.
Altogether, cholesterol is an essential skin care active that contributes to skin barrier function, skin hydration, and, in general, skin health. Indeed, the potential of cholesterol to work in harmony with other lipids makes it truly an invaluable asset not only for therapeutic purposes but also for cosmetic applications with its goal of achieving and maintaining healthy and resilient skin.