Glycolic Acid

Glycolic Acid is one of the most commonly used alpha hydroxy acids in skincare and is derived from sugarcane. Another well-recognized fact about this acid is its possession of the smallest molecular size. It works actively as an exfoliant, loosening bonds of dead skin cells lying on the surface, which in turn gets sloughed off to reveal fresher, brighter skin underneath. This agent, because of its exfoliating properties, among other uses, has also been used to improve skin texture and tone, reduce fine lines, and treat hyperpigmentation.
Further, it stimulates the production of collagen, which consequently makes the skin tighter and elastic over time. Application in skincare may range from mild to the stronger ones using cleansers, toners, chemical peels, and leave-on treatments. This ingredient is considered strong; hence, most people with sensitive skin or those who have just started its use will surely experience irritation. It can be incorporated into a skincare routine, but it has to be done gradually and often with a moisturizer acting against dryness.
With its effect on the stratum corneum, or the outer layer of skin, glycolic acid also renders the latter more photosensitive. This increases the need for application of sunscreen every day to prevent UV damage. This makes it a popular active ingredient in anti-aging, brightening, and acne-prone skin products, as it can unclog pores and smoothen the skin.